• null hypothesis

In scientific research, the null hypothesis (often denoted $H_0$) is the claim that no relationship exists between two sets of data or variables being analyzed.

• p-value

The p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed.

A very small p-value means that the outcome would be very unlikely under the statistical hypothesis.

• Confidence Interval (CI)

区间覆盖真值的概率